Luxury watches have been a popular collectible for decades, and many men dream of building their very own collection someday. People collect high-end watches for a number of reasons; for future investment, to mark milestones, and/or so they have a beautiful watch to wear for every occasion. Whether you see your watch as a status symbol, or you’re more drawn to the exceptional craftsmanship and centuries of design that go into many of these timepieces, it’s safe to say that a man’s watch collection is a very personal thing.

With this in mind, it’s important to realise that there are no right and wrong answers when it comes to what should be in your collection. You may prefer to stick with one favoured manufacturer, or perhaps you’d like to have a range of brands to choose from? Do you have a certain style in mind, or do you want a range of different designs? The sheer amount of choice out there can make starting your collection rather tricky indeed – where do you start?

In this article we’ll show you a range of excellent ‘collection-starter’ watches which are currently for sale here at HandT – Shop Online; watches which may help inspire your first (or next!) luxury watch purchase. All of these timepieces are from the world’s top manufacturers and priced below £1,500, making them a relatively affordable stepping stone in your collecting journey.

Breitling

We begin with popular Swiss brand, Breitling, who are known for their high-precision technical watches for aviators. Breitling watches are so accurate at keeping time, that they have even been used by astronauts, and film buffs may have noticed James Bond receive a ‘modified’ Brietling from Q in the film Thunderball. Whether you know how to fly a plane or not, the Breitling designs certainly have a long history of being involved with some very cool characters and are coveted the world over.

This Breitling Chronospace A56011 is a beautiful example of their work, and at just £1,295 you’re getting a lot of watch for your money. The 41.5mm stainless steel case, black dial, brown leather strap and gold logo really ties the watch together, as well as giving this piece a certain versatility (this watch can be worn with black, brown or blue suits, for instance, without looking out of place).

TAG Heuer

Next, we’ve got something a little sportier from TAG Heuer – a 2016 Formula 1 CAU1112 timepiece which is really eye-catching and perfect for anyone who is into motorsports. The Formula 1 range of watches began back in 1986, when watch manufacturer Heuer was taken over by Techniques d’Avant Garde (TAG). Both companies had a history with Formula 1 racing through sponsorships and funding engine development, so their first joint creation was named after the sport.

This is an iconic piece with a long history to its name, which comes with all the benefits of the very latest watch-manufacturing technology. The bright blue accents on the grey dial, stainless steel case and bracelet really give this piece a certain special something, yet it could be worn for both smart and casual events without looking out of place. At £1195 this watch is a real bargain and would be the perfect start to anyone’s collection.

Cartier

If you’re looking for something less sporty and technical for your watch collection and you’d prefer more classic aesthetics, French watchmaker Cartier is definitely worth a look. Cartier was founded in 1847 and has carried its reputation for quality and prestige well into the 21st century. Their iconic and stylish designs are unmistakeable, with bold Roman numerals being a signature feature.

The Cartier Tank Solo is widely thought to be a classic and if you are a fan of the elegant Cartier style, this model is a must-have for your collection. With a black leather strap and no-frills rectangular case, this watch is not too in-your-face, yet the bold Roman numerals and blue hands on the white dial certainly give cause to look twice. The Tank Solo also features a polished sapphire on the crown, something which Cartier have included in many of their other designs. At just £1,495, this watch represents a huge saving when compared to current prices for brand new Tank Solo watches.

Omega

Omega have been making high-precision watches for more than 110 years, and have designed models for use in air, sea and space exploration. They’ve certainly earned their place on our list of collectible must-haves, having been worn by Buzz Aldrin during his visit to the moon in 1969, and for being the official timekeeping device used at the Olympic Games since 1932. Their talent for teaming accuracy with style has ensured their continuing success, with Prince William and George Clooney being modern-day fans.

We’ve chosen an eye-catching Omega Seamaster from our collection, which is priced at just £1,250. This gorgeous design includes a vibrant blue dial, gold case and bi-metal bracelet. It’s powered by a quartz movement and has a satisfying simplicity to its look, which is why it can pull off both gold and silver features at the same time. This is not necessarily a watch to be worn during sporty or casual pursuits – its luxuriant appearance is definitely more suited to the boardroom and black tie events.

Rolex

We end with the king of watches – the Rolex. Most people will have heard of Rolex watches and they are associated with the quintessential high-end luxury timepiece. Indeed, some would argue that no collection is complete without at least one Rolex. It can be very hard to find any complete, working Rolex watch model for under £1,500, so we’ve had to break the rules with this gorgeous vintage example, coming in at £1,795.

This gorgeous vintage Rolex Precision 1400 from 1971, champagne dial and 18ct gold bracelet come together to create a surprisingly on-trend look with a real retro feel. Warm, rosy golden hues are hugely fashionable at the moment, so now is definitely the time to take advantage of this amazing deal on such a characterful timepiece.

Grooving tools are used with a CNC lathe to cut channels or paths into holes or the face of a workpiece. This grooving machining process is entirely automated, reducing manual input and mistakes from operators.

Part manufacturers across many industries use grooving tools to create holes and shape parts of varying sizes. However, it is important to fully understand the tools before using any. As a result, this article will describe the grooving tools available, how to use them with a CNC lathe, and factors to consider before choosing the right one.

Contents
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I
What is Grooving?

II
Types Of Grooving Tools

III
How to Groove on a CNC Lathe?

IV
Different Grooving Operations on a CNC Lathe

V
Considerations When Choosing a Grooving Tool

VI
How to Improve Grooving Machining?

VII
Conclusion

VIII
FAQs

What is Grooving?

Grooving (also known as recessing) is a machining operation carried out using a CNC lathe machine. The operation involves creating holes with boundaries (a groove) on a material, project, or workpiece.

The grooving machining process is crucial in part manufacturing because the tool produces long and narrow paths on the cylindrical surface of the workpiece. In turn, these paths provide a precise fit when joining parts.

Furthermore, the different types of grooving tools used in part manufacturing come from materials of varying hardness and texture and have different shapes and widths, which in turn determines the shape of the path or groove.

Types Of Grooving Tools

There are several types of grooving tools with shapes, sizes, and properties that aid in their applications. Below are the most common types used in part manufacturing.

Face Grooving Tools

Designers use this grooving lathe tool to work on a material’s face. During the face grooving process, it is important to position the tool’s tip just above the center line of the workpiece. The tool’s radius must be equivalent to the radius of the cut on the workpiece. In addition, It is important to remove the chips to avoid breakage of the insert.

Outer Diameter Grooving Tools

Outer-diameter grooving occurs at the outer surface of the material or a workpiece. Also, an outer diameter groove gives the best results when the tip of the tool is placed slightly below the center line. Like the milling cutter tools, this grooving tool type comes in different shapes, designs, and mechanical properties. Additionally, they have coolant holes which increase resistance to wear.

Inner Diameter Grooving Tools

Operators use inner-diameter grooving tools at the inner surface of the material or workpiece. It is best to hold the upper part of the tool above the center line for accurate and consistent results. Also, it helps to prevent insert breakage.

Most inner-diameter grooving tools are made with hard materials like high-speed tool steel, carbide, diamond, and more.

How to Groove on a CNC Lathe?

Grooving on a CNC lathe involves a series of steps. Below are the steps to be carried out during the grooving machining process:

1. Secure the Workpiece

Securing the workpiece is critical to the end quality of the grooving process. This is because any slight movement may cause flaws in the final part. Below are some steps to take:

• Place the workpiece in the chuck of the lathe;
• Lock the material in the chuck and tighten the screws at the end;
• Mark out the position of the groove.

2. Load The Tooling Devices

Based on the desired type of grooving

• Select and load the grooving lathe tool into the tooling turret;
• Calibrate the tool.

The tooling is automatically operated according to the written program.

3. Set Up Your CNC Lathe Machine

This is the first step when performing a grooving operation. To do this

Switch on the machine and bring all axis to the tier 0 location;
Adjust the lathe to the appropriate RPM setting. This step is very important because each groove requires a different RPM setting.

4. Enter and Run the program

This step involves uploading the program and allowing it to run. The grooving tool remains stationary while the workpiece rotates axially. To remove the material accurately, follow the steps below:

• Properly fix the tool in the center and locate the grooving tool to begin working;
• Gently place the grooving tool near the workpiece till the cutting starts;
• Wait for the operation to end.

5. Clean Up

After a successful grooving operation,

• Put off the machine and remove the workpiece;
• Clean the machine and the grooving tool.

Note: It is important to inspect the depth of the groove before you begin cutting and to use cutting oils to prevent distortions.

Different Grooving Operations on a CNC Lathe

Based on the location of the groove, there are three basic types of grooving on a CNC lathe.

External Grooving

This type of grooving machining process involves the radial motion of the tool along the side of the material. During the grooving machining process, the tool eliminates unwanted materials along the cutting points.

Part manufacturers use external grooving for making mainly wide grooves. However, this process is time-consuming and impacts the lathe’s machining time more than the smaller grooves. As a result, one needs a coolant and a tool with very high accuracy.

There are three external grooving types

-Single-cut Grooving

This type of external grooving is the most suitable way to produce grooves on a workpiece. It involves making a single and sallow cut on a workpiece. Because the surface finish is crucial, it is important to use an insert with a precise profile and chamfer for mass production.

-Multiple Grooving

This involves the production of multiple deep grooves on a workpiece. Raising the feed to about 30–50% when working on the materials is necessary for a flawless final part. Also, the materials left for the last cuttings should be narrower than the width of the inserts.

-Ramping

Ramping is an external grooving type that refers to the sequential axial and radial movement for creating a groove on a material. The axial movement is similar to the end milling process. It is important to reduce axial cutting impact and notch wear for excellent chip control.

Internal Grooving

Internal grooving involves the movement of a grooving tool along the internal parts of a material.

It is important to apply coolant with a high flow rate accurately. This increases the rate of material removal and controls chip build-up. Also, to get optimum chip evacuation, start the internal grooving machining process from the rear portion of the hole to the front.

Face Grooving

This process involves the CNC lathe movement along the material’s face. It uses face grooving tools for its procedures. To attain high stability, use a facing groove tool with the shortest cutting depth. Additionally, use face-grooving tools with high-precision coolant. This results in enhanced chip control and removal.

Considerations When Choosing a Grooving Tool

One must understand and consider certain factors when choosing a grooving lathe tool. Below are some very important factors to consider:

1. Types of Groove

As mentioned earlier, there are three main groove types based on the common grooving tools. Most grooving tools available are specific for different types of grooves. As an example, face grooving tools are used for face grooving. These tools can move accurately in an axial pattern when placed slightly above the centerline.

2. Workpiece Material

Some material properties, like rigidity, tensile strength, heat resistance, etc., play a huge role in selecting a grooving tool. One must watch out for the above factors when selecting a grooving tool. The harder the material, the tougher the grooving tool. For instance, tools made of carbide or steel are ideal for very hard workpieces.

3. The Desired Shape

The shape of the groove is an important factor to consider. This is because different type of grooving tools gives a unique shape. However, manufacturers often use more than one tool for a single part.

How to Improve Grooving Machining?

For many groove types, the output level depends on the machine’s efficiency and the process itself. However, below are some of the ways to help increase the efficiency of grooving machining:

1. Checking and Measurement Procedures

Part manufacturers and engineers use different measurement tools based on the precision level. As a rule, use steel rulers and calipers for grooves requiring very low precision. On the other hand, use vernier calipers, plug gauges, and micrometers for those that need a high level of precision.

2. Feeding Rate and Cutting Speeds

The feeding rate and cutting speed play a vital role in the time of machining and the surface finishing of the workpiece. As a result, is important to use the appropriate feed and cutting speeds. To improve grooving, you can start with a low feed rate and work up to a higher feed rate to improve chip breaking and evacuation. Also, you should work with the recommended cutting speed to increase the lifespan of the tool.

3. Choice of Groove Tools

There are many different types of grooving tools available. The tool one uses directly influences the final part’s appearance. It is advisable to use CNC cutting tools made of high-speed steel. This helps to prevent wear and tear while machining. Furthermore, a grooving lathe tool with a width equivalent to that of the groove is ideal for grooves with a smaller width and low turning points.

4. Using Cutting Fluid

Cutting fluids such as oils, pastes, and aerosols helps in lowering the cutting surface’s temperature of the workpiece during the grooving process. Furthermore, they help in lubricating the workpiece to aid the cutting process which in turn aids chip evacuation.

Conclusion

Grooving tools are multipurpose devices manufacturers use to create indentations and shape parts. The grooving machining process is important in manufacturing because the groove guides another part to move against the main workpiece.

With the right setup and choice of the right grooving tools, you can prevent issues like poor surface treatments, burrs, tool breakage, and many more. If you have further questions or concerns about grooving tools and their applications, feel free to contact WayKen to get CNC turning services.

FAQs

What is the difference between a slot and a groove?

A slot is a straight, long hole with a complete radius at its edges. Also, it is often cut in a way that is normal to the axial points of the cylinder. On the other hand, a groove is similar to a cylindrical slot. It is usually cut at the external or internal diameter of a cylinder.

What type of material is best for making grooving tools?

Because the workpiece is usually made of hard materials, the grooving tools must be able to match the strength and texture. The recommended material is diamond because of its high hardness and thermal conductivity. However, it is expensive. Part manufacturers use relatively cheaper alternatives like carbides and steel.

Is it necessary to coat grooving tools?

Grooving tools are mostly metals. For this reason, manufacturers often coat them. However, it is not compulsory to coat grooving tools. The coating prevents corrosion and makes the tool last longer.

在北京时间10月5日的报道中，数据媒体StatMuse对亚特兰大老鹰队球星特雷-杨上赛季的场均表现进行了统计。

特雷-杨上赛季场均出场36.0分钟，可以得到25.7分10.8助攻，投篮、三分和罚球命中率分别为43%、37%和86%，并入选了全明星赛。

据统计，上一个场均可以得到至少25分10助攻的球员为2020年的勒布朗-詹姆斯，该赛季詹姆斯场均出场34.6分钟，可以得到25.3分10.2助攻。

Thread Milling vs. Tapping: What’s the Difference?

Thread Milling vs. Tapping, just what are the difference between them and when should each be used? There are some distinct differences between thread milling and tapping. This article explains the advantages and disadvantages of each so that you can make an educated decision about the strategy that will work best for your parts.

Tapping: Advantages and Disadvantages

The greatest advantage of tapping is speed. High-speed tapping centers set up with a rigid tap can thread holes in a fraction of the time it would take to thread mill the same holes. Additionally, tapping can thread deeper holes in harder materials such as steel.

A significant disadvantage of tapping is that a different size tap is required for each size hole that needs to be threaded. This can consume a large number of valuable, but limited positions in the tool magazine. Plus, having to switch tapping tools for all of the various size holes increases the cycle time.

Another disadvantage is that tapping does not allow for adjusting thread fit. Once the hole is tapped, the size and position of the thread is final. Also, rigid taps are used exclusively for interior threading of holes and cannot be used to mill threads onto the outside of a post or screw.

Finally, since the initial portion of a rigid tap is designed to plunge into material rather than making perfect threads, these tools are best for tapping through holes rather than blind tapping, which is threading holes that end within the material. In the case of blind tapping, the deepest threads in the hole are made with the part of the tool that is designed to plunge rather than thread. To complete these last areas as perfect threads, a secondary finishing tool is required and results in longer cycle times.

As general rule of thumb, it is best to employ tapping when you need to make a lot of holes with few variations in size.

Thread Milling: Advantages and Disadvantages

The primary advantage of thread milling is the ability to control the fit. A threaded hole is milled at a high RPM and the tool helixes into a previously-milled hole. So, the machine operator has the ability to adjust thread size using a strategy similar to using an end mill, rather than a drill bit to make a hole. This can be advantageous if there are tight tolerances on the thread sizes or if allowances need to be made for finishing such as painting.

Also, a single tool can be used in thread milling to make a wide range of hole sizes. This reduces both the cost of tooling and the amount of time associated with tool changes. Plus, a thread mill can create interior and exterior threads, right-hand and left-hand threads, as well as very large threaded holes (e.g. pipe threads). In the case of the latter, this eliminates the need to invest in a large rigid tap to thread big holes.

Furthermore, the thread mill gives the user the ability to design custom threads without having to invest in custom taps which can be very expensive and require long lead times. In the machining of very shallow blind threads in thin materials, the thread mill allows for maximum threads in a very short distance.

The one disadvantage of thread milling is you need to be equipped with a high-speed spindle in order to do it properly, such as the ones found in our line of high-speed milling machines with spindle speeds up 60,000 RPM.

The Bottom Line
If you need more flexibility, have a range of thread sizes and types and require the ability to adjust thread fits, thread milling is the best choice. If speed is your requirement, then rigid tapping is what you need.

DATRON offers a complete line of thread mills for various thread size ranges. We also offer a combination-style thread mill that machines the hole and the threads it in a single pass, eliminating the need to machine the hole with a drill or mill first, change tools, and then thread the hole as a secondary step. This saves time and associated tool costs.

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As we all know, devices used in medicine and healthcare must meet the highest standards of performance and reliability. This is as it should be, but medical products are more than merely practical tools or appliances. Although there are many different types and applications, to the greatest degree possible they also must satisfy human emotional and aesthetic requirements as well. And that’s where inspired designs comes in.

We’re going to look at the top five design principles that the smart product engineer should keep in mind when creating new solutions for safeguarding health and well-being. Using these tips will help your next project to be easier to use, safer and more successful in the marketplace.

1. Make it Easy to Clean

Depending on their use, medical products may be exposed to bodily fluids, alcohols, acids and reagents, as well as biologicals like viruses and bacteria. Therefore any product in such an environment must be easily cleaned, and this necessity will in turn affect the product’s design.

It’s common for many products to be made via plastic injection molding, and that means there will be housings and enclosures separated by minor gaps. If these are unavoidable, then there are a few mitigating strategies to consider. Actual sealed gap should be as tight as possible, although these seams can be covered with overlapping features or false covers if necessary. Gaps that are exposed should be accessible to at least a fingertip for wipe down, again depending on the environment where the product will be exposed.

Better still is to sidestep this issue in the initial design. Be wary of ribs, recesses, tight radiuses, pockets and other features that are hard to access. Sharp internal right angles should be eliminated or re-designed with larger and more gradual curvatures. Overall it’s best to favor unified designs that present a single unbroken flat or convex face that offers the minimum opportunity for dirt to collect.

Those surfaces should also have a smooth texture and be non-porous so they can be swabbed, sprayed or wiped with cleaners. If there are internal mechanisms these must be carefully sealed against contamination as well.

2. Make it Easy To Hold

In a hospital or clinical environment you will rarely find any rough or abrasive textures. Instead, if a product is meant to be held in the hand, it should neither be too smooth nor too sticky. Holdable shapes are meant to fit the contours of the human hand while providing good tactile feedback without needing a tight grip. Matte or softly sanded textures serve this function well but they also have a visual appeal.

3. Make it Easy To See

Softer textures and colors tend to diffuse and absorb incidental light. Think about most doctor’s offices or hospital rooms. They usually have ambient blue/white fluorescent lighting that provides a uniform illumination. Metals used in this kind of space therefore tend to be sandblasted or etched and other surfaces – including wood or plastic – are rarely polished or glossy.

All of these design choices help to support a visual environment without sharp highlights, strong contrasts, reflections or glare that can be both physically and emotionally taxing in potentially stressful situations.

4. Keep it Simple

More medical products are being used in the home for diagnostics and convalescent care. To aid in their use by non-professionals, and to prevent possible mistakes, these should be as user-friendly and foolproof as possible. A good way to do this is to simplify the design so that its proper function is implied by its shape. And this shape should also be useable only in one correct way, while being impossible to apply in some other fashion. So simple, in fact, that even someone who has had no instruction would be able to pick it up and immediately know how to hold it and what it’s for.

Another good idea is to make buttons large and single-function. If there are critical features, these must be easy to spot quickly so that they can be accessed in emergency situations without thinking. In this regard, the smart use of color can also be a big help.

5. Use Color Intelligently

Color can be used to communicate information, to classify that information and to guide the user in the correct use of a product.

For example, strong colors can immediately differentiate important or even dangerous functions (red/yellow) from safe ones (green or blue). Gradations of hue, descending from darker to lighter, also help to denote hierarchies of priority. Colors can define sections or zones on a product which are useful guides or reminders about proper usage.

And of course color has a strong emotional connection. Vibrant colors add energy and stimulation, and this might be employed in healthcare products related to fitness or activity. In other situations, bright primary colors are fun and attractive to children, while warm colors like golds and yellows impart a feeling of calm in prenatal settings meant to inspire nurturing.

Light greens and blues are associated with growth and the natural world, and these are more common in surgical and clinical settings along with soft pastels and off-whites. Conversely, bright reds and oranges in the wrong setting would be too strong and unsettling.

Want to learn more?

Star Rapid has years of experience helping customers bring medical innovations to market. We will bring this same experience to your next medical project when you contact us today for a free quotation and design review.

Star gratefully acknowledges the work of Forma Medical Device Design in providing invaluable information for this article: https://www.formamedicaldevicedesign.com/

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Although there are many new and emerging manufacturing technologies, there is still no substitute for the reliability and efficiency of CNC machining. Every day, millions of precision parts in a variety of substrates are made using one or more of these CNC machining techniques. Let’s take a closer look at the seven most common ones that we use every day to make high-quality rapid prototypes and production parts.

Turning

Probably the very first machine operation in history, turning simply involves clamping a workpiece firmly onto a rotating plate or mandrel. As the workpiece spins, the cutting tool is held against it in a fixture mounted on a moving slide. The slide can be moved up and down the length of the workpiece, as well as closer to or away from the center line. These simple machining techniques are ideal for removing large amounts of material quickly. In addition, a drill bit mounted on the tailstock can bore precise holes down the centerline of the workpiece.

Lathes are used to make concentric shapes on the outer circumference of a round part. Slots, ring grooves, stepped shoulders, internal and external threads, cylinders and shafts – many round or circular features are made on a lathe. They are also able to produce characteristically smooth and uniform surface finishes.

Milling

Milling differs fundamentally from turning in that the workpiece is held stationary and the cutting tool rotates on a spindle. The workpiece is usually held horizontally in a machine vise, mounted on a table that moves in the X and Y directions. The spindle holds a variety of cutting tools and moves in the X, Y and Z axes.

Although a mill can also drill holes and bores, it excels at removing stock from more complex and asymmetrical parts. Mills are used to make square/flat faces, notches, chamfers, channels, profiles, keyways and other features that depend on precisely cut angles. Together, milling and turning are responsible for the majority of CNC machine tool operations.

As with all metal machining operations, cutting fluid is used to cool the workpiece and cutting tool, for lubrication and to flush away metal particles.

Surface Grinding

Making a very flat surface on metal parts is important for many applications and the best way to make such a precise surface is with a grinder. The grinder is a spinning disk covered with an abrasive grit of a specific coarseness. The workpiece is mounted on a table and is moved back and forth laterally beneath the abrasive wheel or is sometimes held firm while the wheel moves. Notice of course that this process can only be used on faces that are not interfered with by any protrusions sticking up from the surface.

Different types of abrasives are used depending upon the material being ground. The heat and mechanical stress of the grinding process can adversely effect the work piece so care must be taken to control tool speed and temperature.

Solid Sink EDM

  A conductive electrode is placed close to the work piece while bathed in a dielectric fluid. The electrode is precisely shaped for the feature that it’s cutting. As the electrode discharges, metal particles are forced off the surface of the workpiece. The electrode itself does not touch the workpiece but is sacrificial and may need to be replaced frequently.

EDM is used to make pockets, holes and square features inside of hardened tool steels that would be difficult, if not impossible, to make any other way. It’s typically used on molds for plastic injection and pressure die casting, rarely on the finished piece itself. EDM is also used for making textured surfaces or debossed (recessed) lettering and logos on mold tools.

Wire EDM

Wire EDM uses copper wire as a conductor for a high-voltage electric charge. Fresh wire is fed from a spool as the conductor is steadily eroded during the cutting process. This technique requires a pass through and can’t be used in a blind hole.

Wire EDM is used on thick, hardened tool steel to make circular or semi-circular features that would be very difficult to make with conventional cutting tools.

Cylindrical Grinding

This is a combination of surface grinding and lathe turning. The workpiece is usually held stationary while a circular or cylindrical grinding wheel is rotated against its surface. Cylindrical grinders can be used on both inside and outside diameters, either all the way through the length of the part or at partial depths.

The great advantage of this process is that it makes very precise and accurate tolerances with extremely smooth surface texture.

Optical Grinding

So far we’ve been only talking about machining metals, but CNC machining is also used for making specialty optics in glass or plastic. Optics require very fine surfaces with extremely close tolerances, so specialized grinding equipment is used that spins a grinding wheel against a surface while rotating on multiple axes.

This has the effect of averaging out any deviations from the nominal. Grinding paste is also used as a lubricant and to create a polished finished surface.

Conclusion

We like working with informed customers. We think it’s better for you if you know how parts are made and why some techniques are chosen over others. We encourage you to contact us for a free quotation and we can recommend the best service for your next project.

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Solution structures and model membrane interactions of Ctriporin, an anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Peptide from Scorpion Venom.  Bandyopadhyay S, Junjie RL, Lim B, Sanjeev R, Xin WY, Yee CK, Hui Melodies SM, Yow N, Sivaraman J, Chatterjee C., Biopolymers, 2014, 101, 1143-53.

Ctriporin peptide (Ctr), a novel antimicrobial peptide isolated from the venom of the scorpion Chaerilus tricostatus, shows a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity and is able to inhibit antibiotic resistant pathogens, including Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin Resistant Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Penicillin Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. To understand the active conformation of the Ctrpeptide in membranes, we have investigated the interaction of Ctr with the negatively charged and zwitterionic membrane-mimetic micelles such as sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and n-dodecylphosphocholine (DPC), respectively. The interactions were studied using fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Fluorescence experiments revealed that the N-terminus tryptophan residue of Ctr interacted with the hydrophobic core of the membrane mimicking micelles. The CD results suggest that interactions with membrane-mimetic micelles induce an α-helix conformation in Ctr. Moreover, we have determined the solution structures of Ctr in SDS and DPC micelles using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structural comparison of Ctr in the presence of SDS and DPC micelles showed significant conformational changes. The observed structural differences of Ctr in anionic versus zwitterionic membrane-mimetic micelles suggest that the mode of interaction of this peptide may be different in two environments which may account for its ability to differentiate bacterial and eukaryotic cell membrane. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Description

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Manufacturer Nordic Spirit – Nordic Snus

Robotics Team World Champions

After falling to 64th place out of 67 teams in their division, The Iron Panthers (The Burlingame Robotics Team) was slightly discouraged, but they were able to make a glorious comeback, ending in 21st place in the Newton Division competition.

Hard-Fought Battle of Robotics Competition World Champions

DATRON Lends a Hand to Robotics Team

DATRON’s California office was involved with the team, offering their high-speed machining equipment to help them make parts for their robot. Director of Technology, Chris Hopkins reflects, “We were happy to provide the tools these future engineers needed to get the job done and turn their winning design into reality. We congratulate them on their victory and wish each of them great success in the future.”

Above: Short video clip of machining aluminum drive frame parts.

Robotics Champions Give DATRON the Thumbs Up!

The team coach and captains summed up their experience working with DATRON Dynamics in the following thank you note:

“We would like to thank DATRON so much for all the support we have received from you these past few years. Thank you for enabling us to have such a great robot by milling our drive base parts with your incredible machinery. We couldn’t have done this without you. Our team has worked extremely hard to win the final round in the Houston Championships, and we believe that our success is the embodiment of our hard work from your support. The road to winning the FIRST Robotics Competition was not easy, but you have helped our team greatly. Not only does your support allow our team to grow, but also flourish and achieve great things. Without your sponsorship, our team would have never been able to become this successful, and it was your team that enabled our accomplishments to happen.”

Sincerely,
Christina Wade – Robotics Coach
Darrion Chen & Katherine Mohr – Captains
The Iron Panthers

本教程适用版本：WPS 365 点击免费使用

在日常办公当中，我们经常需要对单元格进行拆分。具体该如何快速拆分单元格呢？下面就让我们一起来学习吧。

第一步：选中一列数据，然后点击数据分列：

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>>免费升级到企业版，赠超大存储空间

如上图所示，可输入昨日、今日、前日三组不同的内容，然后点击【数据】下的【分列】菜单，便出现了上述的界面图。此时主要选择分割符号，具体是指用分割字符，如逗号或制表符分隔每个字段。然后点击【下一步】：

第二步：直接在【空格】当中打上黑色“勾选”标识：

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第三步：直接勾选【常规】，然后直接点击【完成】按钮即可：

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这样就完成拆分单元格的操作了：

>>免费升级到企业版，赠超大存储空间

这样一来，原本罗列在一列的内容得以拆分成两列，看起来更清晰。