# Sanitary Pad Material Composition and Properties
## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials
Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The materials used in their construction play a crucial role in determining their effectiveness, comfort, and safety. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in fluid absorption, leakage prevention, and skin protection.
## Core Components of Sanitary Pads
### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)
The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:
– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or other natural fibers (in organic options)
Key properties: Softness, breathability, and quick-drying capability
### 2. Absorbent Core
This is the central layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:
– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Blends of cellulose and SAP
The SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, transforming it into a gel to prevent leakage.
### 3. Back Sheet
The waterproof layer that prevents leaks consists of:
– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options
This layer must be impermeable to liquids while allowing vapor transmission for comfort.
Keyword: sanitary pad material
### 4. Adhesive Layer
The glue that keeps the pad in place typically contains:
– Pressure-sensitive adhesives
– Hypoallergenic formulations
– Biodegradable adhesives in some premium products
## Advanced Material Innovations
Recent developments in sanitary pad technology include:
– Bamboo charcoal fibers for odor control
– Silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial properties
– Biodegradable PLA (polylactic acid) from corn starch
– Organic cotton with natural wax coatings
## Performance Characteristics
The materials determine several critical performance aspects:
### Absorption Capacity
– Standard pads: 5-15 ml
– Super absorbent: 15-30 ml
– Overnight pads: 30+ ml
### Breathability
Measured in g/m²/24h (grams of water vapor transmitted per square meter per day):
– Basic pads: 500-1,000
– Premium breathable: 2,000-3,000
### pH Balance
Quality pads maintain a skin-friendly pH between 4.5 and 5.5 to support the vaginal microbiome.
## Environmental Considerations
The industry is moving toward more sustainable materials:
– Biodegradable core materials
– Plant-based plastics
– Compostable packaging
– Chlorine-free bleaching processes
## Safety Standards
All materials must comply with:
– FDA regulations (for US market)
– EU REACH compliance
– OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certification
– Dermatologically tested formulations
## Conclusion
The composition of sanitary pad materials has evolved significantly, balancing absorption, comfort, and safety. Continued innovation focuses on enhancing performance while reducing environmental impact through biodegradable and sustainable material alternatives.