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我们使用Excel 时会遇到NOT函数判断指定的条件是否满足条件，那么如何进行操作呢？下面我们以一组学生的成绩为例来分享具体步骤和方法。
第一步，打开一张学生成绩的Excel表格，选中是否合格单元格数据区域，如图所示。选择功能区【公式】标签，点击【插入函数】：
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第二步:在弹出的【插入函数】对话框内，函数类别选择【逻辑】，函数选择【IF】，点击【确定】：
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第三步：在弹出的【函数参数】对话框内，函数参数文本框输入函数参数，完整格式为：=IF(NOT(AND(B2>=70,C2>=70,D2>=70,E2>=150)),”不合格”,”合格”)：
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第四步：鼠标左键按住所选单元格右下角。向外拖动单元格选定区域，进行序列填充。完成使用NOT函数判断指定是否满足条件，如图所示：
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NOT函数判断是不是很好用呢？
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Understanding the different types of industrial coatings can shape an engineer’s or designer’s approach to part application. Hence, part manufacturers must have conscious knowledge of these different types of coatings and invest in their use.
Coating processes occur at the end of production, each suitable for different materials and applications. To ensure a quality final part, this article will introduce the meaning of industrial coating, the different types, and how to choose the right one.
Contents
hide
I
What are Industrial Coatings?
II
Types of Industrial Coatings
III
What are Things to Consider When Choosing Industrial Coatings?
IV
Conclusion
V
FAQs
Industrial coatings are a layer of special materials applied to a part’s surface to protect, decorate, and improve/add functionality. The most common function of industrial surface coating is protecting the final part from abrasion, corrosion, or UV radiation.
These types of industrial coatings are important post-finishing in the manufacturing, construction, automotive, aerospace, and marine industries.
Many industrial coating processes find use in the part manufacturing sector. This section will introduce the common ones, processes, compatible materials, benefits and limitations.
Epoxy coating is the application of an epoxy layer created by a resin and a hardener to a part. The final part has better mechanical properties and chemical resistance. Epoxy coating is common in industrial, commercial, and residential settings.
Epoxy is compatible with metal, plastic, wood, brick, ceramics, and concrete. However, the coating does not adhere to silicone, vinyl, rubber, parchment, and wax.
After surface preparation, which involves cleaning the substrate to remove contaminants like dust, oil, and grease, mix the resin and the hardener according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Apply the mixture on the part surface using a brush or and cure the epoxy-coated part to harden the coating.
Polyurethane coatings form after reacting a polyol or a polyamine and an isocyanate with firm, durable, flexible, chemical resistant, and abrasion resistant surface coating. Their flexibility ensures they expand to match the substrate’s expansion. However, they do not absorb impacts, restricting their use to the automotive, flooring, and marine sectors.
Polyurethane is quick-drying and is compatible with use on wood, metal, or painted surfaces.
Polyurethane coating involves cleaning the part surface and applying a primer to improve its adhesion. Mixing the two components (a polyol or polyamine and an isocyanate), applying the polyurethane mixture to the part using a brush, roller, or spray equipment, and curing will create a polyurethane-coated part.
Polysiloxane coatings are advanced protective coatings composed of silicon-oxygen bonds, which are immensely responsible for their exceptional durability, UV stability, and flexibility. It is a strong, waterproof polymer made of polymers that form successive layers of tight films, making it highly resistant to environmental factors.
Polysiloxane coatings are compatible with steel, aluminum, galvanized metal, concrete, plastics, glass, wood, ceramics, and composite materials.
Clean the part and apply a primer to improve the part’s adhesion. Afterward, mix the base and curing agent according to the manufacturer’s instructions and apply the mixed Polysiloxane coating using brushes, rollers, or spray equipment. Cure the just-coated surface for a specified period.
A zinc-rich coating is a layer of zinc particles deposited on a part that provides a substrate with good corrosion resistance and aesthetic value. The zinc layer is a sacrificial material that works because it is more reactive than the substrate. As a result, it absorbs the oxygen molecule that would corrode the substrate even when scratched.
Zinc coating is compatible with metals like steel, iron, and aluminum and is primarily used to protect them from corrosion.
Clean the surface to remove contaminants and pretreat the surface with pickling, degreasing, or abrasive blasting to enhance adhesion. Afterward, use hot-dip galvanizing, electroplating, or spraying to coat the surface with zinc. Allow the zinc-coated part to cool, and inspect for uniformity and coverage.
Ceramic coating is a permanent or semi-permanent solution that involves applying a polymer solution to a part’s surface. The coating blends with the surface and creates a hydrophobic layer of protection.
It is common in the automotive industry, especially in painting. The chemical bonding and creation of a new layer leave the car’s factory paint job untouched.
Ceramic coating is compatible with various materials, including metals (steel, aluminum, titanium), plastics, glass, composites, etc.
Ceramic coatings are applied through thermal spraying, which involves using high-temperature plasma or flame to melt ceramic powders, spraying the molten ceramic onto the substrate, and allowing it to cool. Other methods include dip and spin coating, which involves immersing or spinning the substrate in a ceramic slurry. Afterwards, the part is dried and sintered.
Similar to zinc coating, metallic coatings involve protecting a part with a layer of metallic particles such as aluminum, nickel, chromium, etc. Each metallic particle has unique functions. For example, chromium coating can protect parts from corrosion, while aluminum improves corrosion resistance and aesthetics.
Metallic coatings are compatible with various metals including steel, aluminum, and titanium.
After cleaning the part surface to remove contaminants that can reduce the final part’s quality, apply the metallic coating by thermal spraying or electroplating. Thermal spraying involves melting the metal powders, spraying the molten metal onto the substrate, and allowing it to cool.
On the other hand, electroplating involves immersing the substrate in a solution containing metal ions. When an electric current passes through the solution, metal ions are deposited on the substrate.
Selecting the ideal industrial coating depends on understanding the coating process and some factors that can affect its Use. This section will introduce several factors that can aid in selecting the best coating process for your project.
Every coating process highlighted above has a specific substrate it is compatible with. For example, metallic coatings are majorly compatible with metals, while epoxy is compatible with metals, wood, and concrete.
The substrate’s need can also affect the choice of coating. Polyurethane coating is a common method for anti-corrosive properties with UV protection for metals, wood, and plastic.
The environment of use can also determine the coating process. Consider weather, temperature, UV, and chemicals. Choose a coating technique that will provide the necessary attributes.
For example, polysiloxane coating is a better option than epoxy coating when looking for a corrosion and UV-resistant part.
Practical considerations such as ease of application, drying time, and curing conditions can also determine the surface coating technique.
Epoxy, polyurethane, and polysiloxane coatings differ from zinc plating based on the application process. The three require mixing the bases and using rollers, sprays, or brushes. Zinc coating, however, goes a step further by allowing hot dip galvanizing.
The performance of the part will require a unique degree of resistance to corrosion, abrasion, impact, etc. This, in turn, will determine the ideal coating process for your project. When you are looking for a part with UV resistance, epoxy coating is not the best option compared to polysiloxane and polyurethane. You should choose a method that ensures you meet your performance goals.
The cost of the indented process will shape your choice. However, choose a process that concerns performance while not breaking the bank. For example, zinc coating is a cheaper process than epoxy coating.
The regulation associated with using the part can also determine your coating processes. As a result, you should ensure you comply with the standards governing industrial coatings and opt for coatings techniques that meet industry-specific certifications and standards.
Coating can improve the part’s structure, function, and application. Understanding its uniqueness as a post-production process is important. This article introduced the different types of coating and how to choose the right one.
Yes, the coating is worth it because it enhances appearance and functionality. Benefits of coatings include improved corrosion resistance, durability, and shielding against environmental conditions.
The most simple way to differentiate between coating and paint is that paint is a type of coating, but not all coatings are paints. Painting is a thin and running substance used to add color. On the other hand, coatings are to protect and are optimized for adhesion.
The common type of coating for galvanized steel is zinc coating using galvanization. It is highly corrosion resistant because the zinc coat provides barriers against corrosion and improves the mechanical properties of the galvanized steel.
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本教程适用版本：WPS 365 点击免费使用
有的时候是需要把工作簿中空着的表格用0表示，这时我们应该如何操作呢？接下来小编就告诉大家一个技巧吧！
比如我们要做这个表格吧，把E列中空格表示没有获奖，所以得用0表示，我们要做的是把0显示出来：
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首先第一步，我们需要先把我们需要显示0的这一列选中（在本次示范中，我们需要选中E这一列），具体操作如下图：
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第二步，在顶部菜单栏中的单击‘查找和选择’按钮，选择‘替换’，具体操作如下图所示：
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第三步，在‘查找内容’这一栏里面我们什么都不需要填，直接在‘替换’这一栏中输入数字‘0’：
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第四步，点击‘全部替换’，弹出对话框时，点击‘确定’，如下：
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这样空格中的数字0就可以全部显示出来啦：
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其实让0显示出来的方法和技巧有很多，比如还有一种方式是操作设置单元格格式等，但是在小编的工作生涯中，用替换来显示0的这个方法和技巧是小编认为最好用最上手当然这也是最不容易出错的一种方式，所以非常想推荐给大家 ，那么这个分分钟让0显示出来的这个小技巧，你学会了吗？
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Manufacturing most parts needs drilling holes through the workpiece. While the process might sound straightforward, it requires the right method, tools, or drilling machines to get an excellent job. The method and tools used to drill metal and plastics differ due to their material properties.
In this article, we’d discuss how to drill a hole through metals and plastics and the tools required to drill the perfect hole. We’d also highlight different drilling machines and bits you can use for drilling purposes.
Contents
hide
I
How to Drill Holes Through Metals?
II
How to Drill Holes Through Plastics?
III
Different Drilling Machines to Drill A Hole
IV
7 Types of Hole-making Tools
V
Considerations and Tips for Drilling Holes
VI
Choose Wayken for Your Hole Drilling Projects
VII
Conclusion
VIII
FAQs
There are several reasons why engineers and craftsmen drill holes through metals. The reasons could be structural, functional, aesthetic, or as one of the processes after milling. Regardless of the reason or purpose of the hole, here is how to drill a hole through metal.
The drill press features an adjustable table placed under a motor-driven spindle. It also features a bit-holding chuck for lowering the spinning drill into the metal. To control the depth of the drilled hole, the operator raises or lowers the drill-press table or sets a depth stop.
Depending on the metal thickness, two major types of drill bits are used for making metal holes. The first is the sheet metal bit. This drill bit is ideal for drilling thin metals, as it cuts the metal in such a way that it does not tear. The other is the high-speed twist bit is ideal for thicker metals. This bit features a shank and flute that carry debris out of the hole.
It is best to mark the hole to ensure you are drilling the right area of the metal. You can do this by using a scriber and a ruler to draw short lines intersecting at the center of the hole. It is best to make a small dent on the marked center point using a center punch to prevent the bit from wandering when the drilling commences.
Whether it is drilling holes, grinding, or other CNC process, speed plays a major role in determining precision. You can adjust or change drill speeds by opening the drill press belt guard and unscrewing the motor-housing knob to release tension built on the pulleys. Afterward, you can push the motor frame forward to ease slipping the pulley belt from one level to another.
Please note that the lowest speeds correspond to the lowest pulleys, while you can achieve the fastest speeds by looping the belt around the highest pulleys.
To commence drilling, put the drill bit to make holes into the chuck and tighten it. Then clamp the metal workpiece onto the machine table or in a vise. Turn the drill press and drill while applying even pressure.
Keep your workpiece free from debris by brushing off shavings and chips as you drill. Add cutting fluid as you work to reduce friction and make cutting seamless. After drilling, retract the bit from the hole and turn off the power.
Drilling holes into the metal with a drill press can be risky. For instance, a workpiece clamped too loosely could get caught and sent flying by the spinning bit. So, to avoid accidents when using the drill press, it is best to avoid holding the workpiece with your hand while drilling. Instead, use at least two C clamps to hold the workpiece to the table.
Additionally, avoid wearing gloves when using the drill press, as loose fabric from the glove could get caught in the bit. Lastly, wear safety goggles to protect your eyes from chips and shavings.
Unlike drilling through metals, drilling holes wrongly through plastic would result in cracks and splinters. These defects could damage the aesthetics as well as the functionality of the part or product. To avoid these, here is how to drill a hole through plastic the right way.
The tools you would need for successful drilling include a pencil, ruler, clamp, painter’s tape, twist bit, sandpaper, and lubricant.
Using the ruler and pencil, mark the areas on the plastic where you want to drill. This marking would help reduce possible drilling errors.
Secure the plastic using a clamp on a surface that is stable and large enough to accommodate the area of the plastic you want to drill. The procedure for securing the plastic when drilling a hole is similar to that of boring machining, and it helps reduce the tendency for resistance to interfere with drilling.
After securing the plastic, the next step would be double-checking for the correct bit size. On confirmation of drill size, place the bit in the drill and tighten it. Then move the drill forward.
If your drill has an adjustment knob, choose the slowest drill speed. But if it does not, lightly place the bit on the plastic before drilling. During drilling, always monitor the consistency of chips produced. If you notice chips are beginning to gum up, it is best to stop drilling that area to allow it to cool.
Drilling hole through plastic is not an easy process, which is why you must follow basic tips to get right. Here are tips for drilling a hole through the plastic.
Drilling machines come in various designs, each created with a specific use. Here are some of the common machine types.
This drilling machine has its spindle mounted on a rotatable arm. This arm rotates around the column, allowing the radial movement of the spindle, feed mechanism, and drill head. One benefit of this machine is that it allows drilling in multiple locations without changing the workpiece’s position.
This machine simultaneously drills several holes into a single workpiece, following the same pattern for each section. It is ideal for manufacturing similar parts in large quantities.
A gang drilling machine comprises numerous independent columns, each mounted to a common base and equipped with its motor and spindle. These tools are generally employed when several subsequent operations, such as drilling and tapping-threaded holes, must be carried out.
A spinning turret is the focal point of a turret drilling machine. This machine is typically ideal for mass production drilling, where numerous holes of various sizes and depths must be drilled in a single piece. One hole is only ever drilled at a time by turret-style drilling equipment.
This small drilling device uses a manually controlled feed to make extremely precise microscopic holes. These machines are used in industries like electronics or jewelry production where precise, little holes are needed.
This machine features a power feed mechanism that drives the tool into the workpiece without human intervention. Furthermore, upright drilling machines are ideal for heavy-duty applications due to their robust construction.
These tools make it economical and easy to machine holes. Drill bits function by axially entering the workpiece before cutting a blind through a hole. There are different types of drill bits ideal for you in a variety of industries.
The common drill bits include twist drill bit, center drill bit, tap drill bit, spot drill bit, Masonry drill bit, and step drill bit.
Reamers are often used after drilling to get holes with the most precise hole diameter. The chuck reamer is the kind of reamer type that is most frequently used. There are also Morse taper reamers, automobile reamers, reamers for welding equipment, taper pin reamers, and reamers for die makers.
Cutting precisely round holes in metal, wood, and other materials requires hole cutters, also known as hole saws. These tools can cut much wider diameters than a typical drill bit. They are also a very effective substitute for other tools because they simply need to cut the hole’s perimeter. Hole cutters have separate carbide-tipped cutting teeth, just like circular saw blades.
Drill bits with chamfers and countersinks are ideal for drilling cone-shaped holes in objects. Furthermore, a countersink bit expands an existing hole with a cone-shaped opening at the top when it enters a workpiece axially. These commercial hole-punching devices let fasteners sit well against a workpiece.
Tool bits for countersinking and chamfering are available in various sizes and forms for the drilling needs as well as preferences. Angles like 60°, 82°, 90°, 100°, 118°, and 120° are typical countersink angles.
Center drills feature a pilot drill and countersink. On a workpiece, they are typically utilized to create a center hole for easy turning between centers and support for the load as it rotates. Due to their extreme stiffness and low propensity to wander, these hole-making instruments are advantageous. Additionally, the average center drill bit hole angle is 60°.
This is a multi-toothed tool that drills holes. Its length makes the broach ideal for making deeper cuts. Broaching is an important phase of drilling as it facilitates the production of parts with an incredible surface finish. This tool’s most common types include shell, keyway, push and pull, external surface, and internal broaches.
Counterboring, typically done after drilling, is perfect for applications where a fastener must sit square with a workpiece surface. Typically, these counterbores making instruments have two different cutting diameters: one for the hole and one for the recess in the head.
Like CNC engraving or other CNC machining processes, there are some challenges associated with hole drilling, especially deep holes. Here are some tips to take into consideration when drilling holes.
Numerous drill bits exist based on their construction, design, and intended uses. Choosing the proper CNC drilling head can be difficult and is a common cause of many drilling problems. By verifying compatibility, you can be sure you are using the right drilling head. A better choice would be to discuss the optimal strategy with a drilling specialist or service provider.
Whether you are drilling holes through metals or plastics, ensure to clear up the chips during and after the hole drilling process. Controlling them is crucial because they can lead to a variety of issues.
One way to control chip formation is by using a special chip-breaking bit to split the chips apart, making them simpler to remove and install a chip breaker. Additionally, reducing them to smaller chips enhances drilling performance and heat dissipation. Use an intermittent feed while increasing the feed.
The material type and shape determine the feed rate and drilling speed you would use for the procedure. Generally, the best-recommended feed rate to drill a pilot hole (maximum ½’’ diameter) through hard plastic is using a positive feed of 0.005’’ to 0.015 per revolution and 600 to 1000 rpm. However, metals can take a fast feed rate, while drilling plastics at a fast rate could result in splintering and cracks.
Wayken is an ISO-certified company specializing in hole making and CNC machining services for different machined parts regardless of internal features’ complexity and close tolerances. We focus on our customer’s economic drivers, guaranteeing cost reduction and reduced lead times. Want to know more about our hole drilling service or request a quote? Contact us today.
Drilling is an important aspect of product and part manufacture as it creates holes for assembly and coupling. While the drilling process sounds relatively straightforward, it is usually not so, as it requires technical expertise for a professional finish.
What is the CNC code for drilling a hole?
There are three major CNC codes for drilling holes; G81, G82, and G83. The G81 is the most common cycle. An example of typical G81 queues is X50.0, Y30.0, Z-10.0, R1.0, and F50.0 in G81: The initial hole’s location about the datum is represented by the ‘X’ and ‘Y’ coordinates.
How deep can a CNC drill?
Drilling should never go deeper than 12 times the closest bit diameter. Drill bits that are this long or longer lose stiffness and the ability to maintain a tight tolerance and are more likely to break. Consider making the hole diameter larger if you do need to dig deeper.
What tool is best for drilling holes?
Cutting precisely round holes in metal, wood, and plastic materials better choose hole cutters, also known as hole saws. This metalworking equipment can cut much wider diameters than a typical drill bit.
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The new heated glove for everyday use! The HG3 has been completely redesigned in 2020. Here is the version for Ladies, more modern, more elegant, more high-performance, this heated glove for urban and suburban riding has adopted the latest FIVE HG heating system. A Thinsulate™ thermal lining on the topside of the glove adds to its excellent heat insulation. It’s just what you need to calmly face the cold on city or suburban roads. The HG3 is as comfortable as it is protective when the weather turns bad. It features a one-piece shell to protect the topside of your hand, a TPR shell on the palm, and reinforcements on the outer fingers for protection in case of a fall. Its wide cuff easily covers your jacket sleeve. Add in a Bemberg™ comfort lining, dual closure system, the Touch Screen™ system for handling device screens, and reflective elements so you’re more visible at night, and you get an ideally balanced style (lightweight, not too bulky, with an adjustable heat level) for everyday riding in winter over short-to-medium distances.
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Keyword: Motorcycle parts
本教程适用版本：WPS 365 点击免费使用
用Excel表格制作一些比较直观的图表，是我们经常在工作中经常碰到的事情，那么你知道在Excel表格中如何制作目标与实际的对比图吗？其实如果要实现这个操作，我们完全可以用非常简单的柱形图来制作，因为柱形图具有一目了然，非常直观的作用，所以用作目标与实际的对比图再合适不过了！
首先我们选中需要建立目标与实际对比图的表格：
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然后点击顶部工具栏中的插入，在插入的子菜单中点击全部图表：
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在全部图表中，我们选择簇状柱形图，点击确定之后，对比图就做好了，如下图所示：
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这个方法是不是非常简单呢？当然这也是我经常使用的一个方法，你学会了吗？
Keyword: wps官网下载
Speaking to Foot Mercato, the representatives of Lyon midfielder Jordan Ferri confirmed that the Frenchman was considering his future, amid interest from Galatasaray and Fiorentina.
“It is not want Jordan wanted because he feels really good at Lyon. The initial aim was to finish the season with Lyon and then meet to discuss what was best for Jordan. But the offers from these two good clubs are making him think… He is hesitating at the moment, he wants to see how the week pans out. Galatasaray? They have approached us. They are a big club with lots of aims, therefore it is certainly interesting, something to think about yes. We have met with them.”
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Celta Vigo striker Iago Aspas has confirmed that he was approached about a possible move to PSG this month, speaking to Cadena Ser.
“I am very happy here… this is my home. There was always interest from other teams, but I will stay here as long as the club wants me to. There were approaches from PSG and other teams, but I repeat that I am very happy here. I had always dreamt of playing for Celta Vigo, ever since I was little. I want to finish may career with Celta.”
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Paris Saint-Germain have officially confirmed the signing of young Portuguese attacker Goncalo Guedes from Benfica for around £25M.
The 20-year-old joins the French champions on a four-year-deal and will immediately join up with the first team.
Guedes had been very sought after for a few years with the likes of Manchester United and Arsenal interested but the possibility of first team football under Unai Emery was too good to turn down.
Guedes, 20, had been with former club Benfica since 2009 and made his debut in the 2014/15 season before slowly becoming one of the most exciting prospects in Europe.
The Portuguese international can plat anywhere across the front line and will likely provide competition for Lucas Moura on the left hand side which isn’t good for the likes of Jese and Jean-Kevin Augustin.
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The price tag on Guedes may be a pressure situation for him, but with the right guidance and a good run of form, he will likely adhere himself to the Parisiens.
T.S.
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Marseille are considering making a move for Swiss defender Fabian Schär, according to L’Équipe.
The 25 year old Hoffenheim central defender is not a target that Marseille decision-making team are in 100% agreement on. Sporting Director Zubizarreta is leading the charge for the player, but could move for him instead in the summer.
Marseille are also still in the market for a forward to support Bafétimbi Gomis, and potentially replace him, when is loan spell from Swansea finishes at the end of the season.
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